關於Scientist的意思和用法的提問

包含"Scientist"的句子的意思

"Scientist"的近義詞和區別

"Scientist"有關的其他問題

Q: If you were a competent scientist and able to invent a medicine which could cure only one disease, what medicine do you want to make and why? 聼起來自然嗎?
A: "Which" is not correct. This is a restrictive clause and the sentence wouldn't mean the same thing if you took it out. This medicine can cure anything and is unlike any other. It is unique, and you need to use "that" to set it apart from all other medicines.

"Which" and "that" both perform similar functions, but the former just adds information about something that can be omitted, and the latter introduces a description that sets the noun apart.

1. Today I washed my car which has a spoiler.
2. Today I washed my car that has a spoiler.

In 1, you can take out the which part and the sentence means the same thing as it did before (I only have one car, and I washed it today.) In 2, you have multiple cars, and today you washed the one with a spoiler. If you take out the that clause, this meaning is not preserved.

Example sentences highlighting the difference between that and which might seem a bit contrived, and I think it's because we tend to focus on what sets things apart because it is more interesting.

Here is an example using both:
Mammals are animals that have live young. However, echidnas and platypuses, which are also mammals, lay eggs, and they are the only mammals that do.

1. All animals do not have live young, so we use "that" to set mammals apart from the rest of the animals.
2. Echidnas and platypuses are both also mammals. We are just adding extra information so we use which. Notice if you take away "which are also mammals" the meaning stays intact.
3. Echidnas and platypuses are the only mammals that lay eggs. This sets them apart from all other mammals and makes them unique. So, we use "that."

Honestly "that" is much more common, and we don't really use "which" outside of as a question word (e. g. Which one do you want?) because the nature of it is to add (mostly) superfluous information that doesn't have an effect on the meaning of the sentence. Unless you are clarifying something, you're going to be using "that" in the vast majority of cases.

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