how is judge different from assess when they are used to tell how good a person's skills are? 用 英語 (美國) 要怎麼說？

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Judging someone is more basic. You don't know for sure. It's something you do when you know about a person the first time.
Maybe you look at someone's photo and decide that he isn't good at anything .

Assessing someone is more thorough. You do it after you know more about them.
Maybe you read information about them (단점 and 장점).

예를 들면
If you are conducting a job interview and the guy walks into the room, you straight away decide that he is very lazy because he didn't iron his shirt > you are judging. Do you know he if he is lazy or not? No. You just guess based on his appearance.

But once you talk to him more and you know more about him like his work experience, his skills etc. You decide that he is very smart > you are assessing. From the information you have you come to a conclusion.